Acetylcysteine (also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NAC) is primarily used as a mucolytic agent and in the management of acetaminophen poisoning. How is acetylcysteine used to treat acute liver injury?Īcetylcysteine is a hepatoprotective agent and has not been linked to significant serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury. Acetaminophen alone depleted intracellular glutathione, and led to a progressive decrease in the biliary excretion of glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Reduction of the benzoquinoneimine by N-acetylcysteine should result in the formation of N-acetylcysteine disulfides and glutathione disulfide via thiol-disulfide exchange. What is the mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine? It is thought to provide cysteine for glutathione synthesis and possibly to form an adduct directly with the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen, N -acetyl- p -benzoquinoneimine. N -Acetylcysteine is the drug of choice for the treatment of an acetaminophen overdose. How is N-acetylcysteine used to treat acetaminophen overdose? This expedites blood transit back to your heart and can lower your risk of heart attacks ( 34 ). It has also been shown to increase nitric oxide production, which helps veins dilate and improves blood flow. NAC may reduce heart disease risk by reducing oxidative damage to tissues in your heart ( 33 ). Irritation of tracheal or bronchial tract.Īcetylcysteine inhalation is used along with other treatments to relieve chest congestion due to thick or abnormal mucous secretions in people with lung conditions including asthma, emphysema, bronchitis and cystic fibrosis (an inborn disease that causes problems with breathing, digestion, and reproduction).Increased volume of bronchial secretions.What are the side effects of acetylcysteine?Ĭommon side effects of acetylcysteine include: For a lung disease that makes it harder to breathe (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD): 400-1200 mg of N-acetyl cysteine daily in divided doses, in addition to standard care, has been used for up to 6 months. Doses up to 1.5 grams per day for up to 4 months have also been used.
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